Attack Action is an umbrella of many different types of attacks. You can find them all in the Combat chapter.
Spells (including indirect and direct combat spells) use the Cast Spell Action.
The combat chapter give you some examples of different attacks;
SR6 p. 104-105 Combat Process
...be it a punch, kick, knife, sword, axe, broken bottle, lead pipe, candlestick (Close Combat); or a pistol, rifle, shotgun, sniper rifle, zip gun (Firearms); or a blowgun, laser pistol, ray gun, assault cannon, grenade launcher, or missile launcher (Exotic Weapon); or a thrown knife, shuriken, or hand grenade (Athletics); or a vehicle-mounted weapon (Engineering)...
Called Shot is a Minor action that you can combine with an Attack action. It increase DV by 2 but also give you a negative dice pool modifier of 4 dice on the attack.
There are also 5-edge actions, such as Called Shot vitals. It increase DV by 3 but also cost 5 edge to use.